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National key agricultural products are those with an export value of at least US$1 billion each. Local key products are those that make up a major proportion of agricultural production and have great potential for expansion and technological application. The “one village, one product” programme focuses on special local products to ensure they are preserved and promoted.
Agriculture expert Hoang Trong Thuy said the agricultural restructuring based on key product categories and the flexible priority given to the categories had created major changes for agricultural production.
In the past, Vietnam gave priority to rice production, followed by aquaculture products, fruit and vegetables.
Now, seeing the drop in rice prices, the country had changed its priority to aquaculture, fruit and vegetables.
“The change helped generate the export value of fruit and vegetables last year to US$3.45 billion with a year-on-year increase of 40.5%,” Thuy said, adding that for the first time, Vietnam’s fruit and vegetable export value had exceeded crude oil.
Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development Nguyen Xuan Cuong said that during the restructuring process, localities nationwide had turned disadvantages into advantages.
For example, the northern province of Son La had shifted from rice to longan, mango and citrus trees in mountainous areas.
In the southern province of Tay Ninh, where weather conditions are unfavourable for farming, local authorities advised enterprises to study and invest in production areas as well as food processing plants.
Cuong said that one of the positive results of restructuring was that more attention had been paid to post-harvest processing.
This year, ten processing plants had been built across the country.
However, according to experts, restructuring remained slow and was not ready for climate and market changes. For example, many localities had not identified key products and farmers preferred growing goods en-mass without considering about local planning or market demand.
Thuy said despite the fact the country’s agricultural production had grown, it still faced challenges including complicated market changes and modest market forecasting ability.
These challenges resulted in falling prices or oversupply of farming products, which negatively affects farmers’ businesses and incomes, Thuy said.
He also said that technological applications in agricultural production/ processing and storage were limited.
In 2013, then Prime Minister Nguyen Tan Dung approved a project on agricultural restructuring to raise added value and sustainable development.
Vietnamese farm produce are now available in 180 countries and territories across the world. Agricultural products have earned the country US$157.49 billion in the five-year period.
Last year, Vietnam earned US$36.37 billion thanks to exporting farm produce, including US$8.32 billion from aquaculture products and US$3.45 billion from fruit and vegetables.
Export value in the first quarter of this year hit US$8.7 billion, a year-on-year increase of 9.6%. Vietnam expects to gain US$40-40.5 billion from farm produce exports this year.
